Which water-soluble vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation?

Folate, also known as vitamin B9, plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and is essential for the formation of red blood cells. This vitamin is particularly important during periods of rapid growth and division, such as during pregnancy and early development, when the demand for DNA and red blood cell production is increased. Folate is necessary for the proper replication of DNA and supports the synthesis of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. Additionally, it helps to prevent certain types of anemia related to red blood cell formation. A deficiency in folate can lead to megaloblastic anemia, which is characterized by the production of larger-than-normal red blood cells that are typically ineffective in transporting oxygen.

In contrast, the other vitamins mentioned have different primary functions and do not directly support DNA synthesis or red blood cell formation in the same way. Thiamin is involved mainly in energy metabolism, riboflavin supports energy production and the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, and vitamin C is primarily known for its role in collagen synthesis, antioxidant properties, and enhancing iron absorption.