Which of the following is a primary function of magnesium (Mg)?

Magnesium plays a crucial role in various physiological processes in the body, with one of its primary functions being bone formation and the maintenance of homeostasis. It is an essential mineral that contributes to the structural development of bones, as it aids in the mineralization process and works alongside calcium and vitamin D. Adequate magnesium levels are important for maintaining bone density and preventing bone-related disorders such as osteoporosis.

In addition to its role in bone health, magnesium functions to help regulate numerous biochemical reactions in the body, contributing to the overall homeostasis, which includes balancing electrolytes and supporting muscle and nerve function. It also assists with energy production and synthesizing proteins, further underscoring its importance in maintaining overall health.

Other options, while they touch upon different physiological functions, do not directly represent primary functions of magnesium. For instance, regulating blood sugar levels is primarily attributed to insulin and glucose, while oxygen transport in the blood is primarily the function of hemoglobin. Similarly, digestion involves a variety of enzymes and digestive organs rather than magnesium as its primary contributor. Thus, the selection of bone formation and maintenance of homeostasis highlights magnesium's significant and foundational roles in human health.