Which of the following conditions is associated with a deficiency of Niacin (Vitamin B3)?

Pellagra is the condition that arises due to a deficiency of Niacin, also known as Vitamin B3. This deficiency can lead to a series of symptoms commonly referred to as the "three Ds": diarrhea, dermatitis, and dementia. Each of these symptoms is a direct manifestation of the body's inability to perform various crucial physiological functions that rely on adequate levels of Niacin.

Niacin plays a vital role in energy metabolism and is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system, skin health, and digestive system. When the body lacks this vitamin, it cannot synthesize the necessary coenzymes (NAD and NADP) needed for critical metabolic processes, which leads to the symptoms seen in pellagra.

In contrast, the other conditions listed are not associated with Niacin deficiency. Scurvy is related to a deficiency of Vitamin C, anemia can be linked to various deficiencies including iron, Vitamin B12, or folate, and beriberi is associated with a deficiency of thiamine (Vitamin B1). Understanding the specific vitamin deficiencies linked to each condition is crucial in the field of nutrition and nursing.