What role does high-density lipoproteins (HDL) play in cardiovascular health?

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) play a crucial role in cardiovascular health primarily by lowering serum cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of heart disease. HDL is often referred to as "good" cholesterol because it is responsible for transporting cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it can be processed and eliminated from the body. This helps to prevent cholesterol from accumulating in the arterial walls, which can lead to atherosclerosis—a condition characterized by the buildup of fatty deposits (plaque).

Elevated levels of HDL are generally associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, as they assist in the maintenance of healthy blood vessels and overall heart function. Therefore, the presence of high levels of HDL in the bloodstream is considered beneficial, while lower levels can indicate an increased risk of heart-related issues. In contrast, options that suggest HDL increases cholesterol levels, is implicated in atherosclerosis, or promotes plaque buildup misrepresent the protective and vital role that HDL plays in cardiovascular health.