What is the primary characteristic of marasmus?

Marasmus is primarily characterized by extreme malnutrition, which results from a significant deficiency in energy and nutrients over a prolonged period. It typically occurs in situations of famine, chronic illness, or lack of access to adequate food, leading to very low calorie intake and severe weight loss. The body starts to use its fat stores and muscle tissue for energy, leading to an emaciated appearance. This condition contrasts with other forms of malnutrition, such as kwashiorkor, which is primarily a protein deficiency despite adequate caloric intake. Understanding that marasmus involves a complete lack of essential nutrients helps clarify its primary characteristic as extreme malnutrition.