What are the two main categories of simple carbohydrates?

The two main categories of simple carbohydrates are monosaccharides and disaccharides. Monosaccharides are the most basic form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules such as glucose and fructose. These sugars can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream, providing a quick source of energy.

Disaccharides, on the other hand, are composed of two monosaccharide molecules linked together. Common examples include sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar). Disaccharides also serve as a source of energy, but they must be broken down into monosaccharides before being utilized by the body.

Understanding these categories is fundamental in nutrition and helps in distinguishing between different types of carbohydrates and their functions in the body. For instance, while both categories provide energy, the body processes them in slightly different ways, impacting how quickly that energy is available. This distinction is crucial for various applications, including dietary planning and managing conditions like diabetes.